Mar Vista Animal Medical Center

PRAZIQUANTEL

(for veterinary information only)

BRAND NAME: DRONCIT, DRONTAL, DRONTAL PLUS, INTERCEPTOR PLUS, IVERHART MAX, IVERHART PLUS,
                           MILBEMAX, PROFENDER, SENTINEL SPECTRUM, VIRBANTEL

AVAILABLE AS
INJECTABLE &
23 mg TABLETS FOR CATS
AND
34 mg TABLETS FOR DOGS &
AND AS A TOPICAL DEWORMER
COMBINED WITH EMODEPSIDE;
TABLETS FOR DOGS
COMBINED WITH MILBEMYCIN AND LUFENURON,
TABLETS FOR DOGS
INCLUDING IVERMECTIN
AND PYRANTEL PAMOATE 

HOW THIS MEDICATION IS USED

Praziquantel is primarily used against parasites known as "cestodes" (tapeworms). The Common Tapeworm of dogs & cats (Dipylidium caninum), is the usual target of this medication though praziquantel is also effective against less common types of tapeworms such as Taenia species and the more dangerous Mesocestoides species and Echinococcus species. Praziquantel is also effective against flukes.

A member of the Taenia genus of tapeworms.

(Photocredit: CDC Public Health Image Library)

(Photocredit: Public Domain Graphic, CDC Division of Parasitic Diseases)

A single treatment of praziquantel should clear a Dipylidium caninum infection though a second treatment is sometimes recommended if it is felt that immediate re-infection is likely. Immediate re-infection might take place if a heavy uncontrolled flea problem is present in the pet's environment; Dipylidium caninum is contracted when an infected adult flea harboring a tapeworm larva is eaten.

Praziquantel is also available in combination with other single use oral dewormers as well as with monthly more comprehensive worm protection products. (Numerous brands are available. See the list above.) Such products provide regular deworming against assorted worm parasites. Plain praziquantel is available in non-prescription tablets which may be purchased at pet supply store outlets. Brand name products, combination products as described above, and injections are available only through veterinarians as they are prescription drugs.

As of late 2007, praziquantel is also available in a topical combination with the anti-parasite drug emodepside. This combination product is applied to the cat's shoulder area and is effective against the tapeworms of the above types as well as hookworms (Ancylostoma tubaeformae) and roundworms (Toxocara cati). The brand name of this product is Profender®; it is manufactured by Bayer Animal Health and is available by prescription. Unlike other roundworm/hookworm dewormers, only a single dose is necessary for this product.

HOW THIS MEDICATION WORKS

Praziquantel acts by inciting damage to the parasite's skin internally such that the parasite disintegrates and is removed by the host's immune system. Unlike the situation with roundworms, dead tapeworms generally will not be seen passing from the host after deworming.

SIDE EFFECTS

Injectable praziquantel tends to sting at the site of administration more than most injections and it is not unusual for a pet to scratch at the site or express discomfort immediately following injection.

The oral form of praziquantel is bitter tasting and approximately 5% of patients taking it experience nausea.

It has been reported that approximately one cat in ten will experience weakness, salivation, or nausea after a tapeworm injection with praziquantel, but we have seen such reactions far less frequently. This is generally of minor significance and resolves on its own.

INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DRUGS

The following medications can increase the blood levels of praziquantel: cimetidine (an antacid), ketoconazole (an antifungal), and itraconazole (another antifungal).

CAUTIONS & CONCERNS

Praziquantel is felt to be safe for use in pregnant patients.

Praziquantel should not be used in puppies under age 4 weeks or kittens under age 6 weeks. The topical Profender® product described above is approved for feline use only and is not approved for kittens under age 8 weeks.

Fasting is not necessary prior to praziquantel use and oral praziquantel can be given with or without food.

Tablets should be stored at room temperature away from light exposure.

Page last revised: 9/4/2020

PetMD’s medications content was written and reviewed by veterinary professionals to answer your most common questions about how medications function, their side effects, and what species they are prescribed for. This content shouldn’t take the place of advice by your vet.

What is Praziquantel?

Praziquantel is a type of medication called an anthelmintic, meaning that it treats parasitic worms. Praziquantel is effective in the treatment of tapeworms. There are a number of tapeworm types that can affect dogs and cats and this product takes care of several including Dipylidium caninum and Taenia pisiformis/taeniaeformis. In dogs it is also used in the treatment of a rarer species of tapeworms (Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis).

How Praziquantel Works

The way in which praziquantel works against tapeworms is not entirely known, but it is suspected that it interferes with integrity of the worm's skin and causes paralysis. The deceased worms will either be defecated out or be digested with the rest of the ingested in the pet's digestive tract.

Praziquantel can be used as a standalone medication but is also used in combination with other products, like other anthelmintic products, but also in combination with flea or heartworm preventatives. Praziquantel and praziquantel combination products are available in many forms such as tablets, chews, topicals and as an injectable.

Praziquantel as a sole medication is available as a tablet (Droncit®) and as an injection (Praziquantel®). Common products that contain praziquantel along with other medications include: Interceptor Plus®, Sentinel®, Iverhart Max®, Profender®, Centragard®, Drontal®, and Virbantel®.

Praziquantel Directions

Because praziquantel is utilized in many different types of products, it is important to follow the directions on the drug label or as provided by your veterinarian. Your veterinarian may recommend giving this medication once for the treatment of tapeworms and they may recommend giving it twice–several weeks apart due to the nature of the tapeworm lifecycle in dogs and cats. If praziquantel is part of your pet's heartworm prevention medication–these medications are typically given orally once per month.

Dogs with an MDR-1 gene mutation (also called ABCB1) are at a slightly greater risk for an overdose. This product is safe for pets with this gene mutation at normal doses.

Missed a Dose?

If you forget to give a dose of praziquantel or a praziquantel containing product, give it when you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your normal dosing schedule. Do not give extra or double doses.

Praziquantel Possible Side Effects

Most pets do quite well with this medication. When seen, side effects may include:

• Lack of appetite

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Lethargy

• Drooling

• Weakness

In addition to those symptoms, those pets receiving the injectable version of this medication can have soreness in the area the injection was given.

You may see dead tapeworms in your pet's stool if this medication was used to treat an active tapeworm infection; however it is more likely that you will not see any tapeworms in your pet's stool.

Human Side Effects

While praziquantel is also used as a human prescription medication there are different dosages and side effects that can occur in humans.  If you accidentally ingest a pet medication, call your physician or the national Poison Control Center hotline at 800-222-1222.

Monitoring

No specific monitoring is required for this medication, but your veterinarian may recommend routine testing depending on your pets' individual needs, other medications they may be on and/or the issue that initially caused your pet to be placed on this medication.

Call Your Vet If:

• Severe side effects are seen (see above) or persistent vomiting or bloody diarrhea

• You see or suspect an overdose

• You have additional questions or concerns about the use of praziquantel

Praziquantel Overdose

Praziquantel overdoses are quite rare as this medication has a large margin of safety. Dogs with an MDR-1 gene mutation (also called ABCB1) are at a slightly greater risk for an overdose. This product is extremely safe for pets with this gene mutation at normal doses.

With large overdoses, in dogs and cats, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, trouble walking and even death can be seen if the overdose is large enough.

If you suspect an overdose, immediately contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control center. Consultation fees often apply.

Pet Poison Helpline (855) 764-7661

ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888) 426-4435

Praziquantel Storage

Storage recommendations will greatly depend on the product or combination product being used. Stand alone tablet versions of this medication are generally recommended to be stored below 77 F. With all tablet medications please keep the container tightly closed in order to protect from moisture and light.  

Keep out of reach of children and pets.

No vet writer or qualified reviewer has received any compensation from the manufacturer of the medication as part of creating this article. All content contained in this article is sourced from public sources or the manufacturer.

Featured Image: iStock.com/miodrag ignjatovic

WRITTEN BY

Veterinarian

Dr. Stephanie Howe graduated from the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine in 2011, after receiving a Bachelor of Science...